I. General Words
1. environment — окружающая среда
a healthy environment
to protect the environment
to spoil the environment
2. pollution — загрязнение
reduce pollution
Land pollution, air pollution, water pollution
Many scientists think about serious changes in the climate because of the pollution of the atmosphere.
3. protection — защита
protection of the environment
4. environmental — связанные с окружающей средой (=ecological)
environmental problems
environmental protection
Environmental pollution is becoming worse.
The main environmental problems are
5. to protect the environment — защищать окружающую среду
to protect the environment from pollution
6. to pollute / to be polluted by — загрязнять / быть загрязненным чем-то
to pollute the environment
to pollute the water, air, atmosphere means to make it dirty and dangerous for people and animals to live in or to use
The air in the cities is polluted by car fumes (выхлопными газами).
7. An influence = an effect — влияние (воздействие)
to have a strong influence (effect) on
TV has a strong influence on people.
Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans.
8. to influence smth (greatly) — влиять (сильно)
What influenced his decision?
His speech influenced me greatly.
Humans influence Nature.
9. human influence — влияние человека
Human influence on nature is negative.
10. to destroy / to be destroyed — разрушить, уничтожить / быть уничтоженным
to destroy buildings, to destroy hopes
to destroy wildlife, countryside beauty
The house was destroyed.
Fires often destroy forests.
11. a destruction — разрушение
the destruction of environment
the destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty
destruction of ozone layer
destruction of rainforests
Pouring oil into the water will cause pollution and the destruction of our seas and rivers.
12. damage — ущерб
13. to damage / to be damaged — нанести ущерб / быть поврежденным
to damage nature
to be damaged by fire
The house was so badly damaged.
14. fragile — хрупкий
fragile health
Our fragile planet needs protection
Name 3 things that are fragile.
15. to cause / to be caused — вызывать / вызван
to cause illness
to cause decease
to cause death
to cause destruction
to cause troubles
to cause pollution
A burning cigarette caused the fire.
Smoking causes lung decease.
16. a disaster — катастрофа
a terrible disaster
nuclear disaster
ecological disaster
Fire is a disaster.
17. to survive — выжить
Do you know that camels can survive for many days without eating?
18. safe — безопасный
a safe place to live
19. safety — безопасность
be sure of safety
20. global — глобальный
global problems
global warming
21. crisis [`kraisis] — кризис
ecological crisis
global crisis
22. to prevent — предотвратить
to prevent an ecological disaster
23. to take actions — принимать меры
to take actions to prevent an ecological disaster
24. to prohibit / to be prohibited — запретить / запрещено
to be strictly prohibited
Feeding animals in zoos is strictly prohibited.
II. Pollution
25. to produce — производить
to produce goods
Name makes of cars produced in Russia.
26. energy — энергия
Energy is the power from electricity, wind, etc. that helps machines work.
27. nuclear — ядерный
nuclear energy
nuclear power stations
nuclear tests
nuclear weapons
a nuclear waste
Nuclear waste endangers people’s lives.
People all over the world protest against nuclear tests.
Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution.
28. a dump — свалка
town dump
This town is a real dump.
Take all this litter to the town dump.
29. litter — мелкий мусор
to drop litter
to clear litter away
30. cans of coke/ beer — банки от колы, пива
31. packaging — упаковка
32. packed goods — упакованные товары
33. rubbish / garbage – крупный мусор
to throw rubbish
34. throw away — выбрасывать
35. waste — отходы
waste paper
nuclear waste
industrial waste
chemical waste
radioactive waste
A lot of waste from factories and plants goes in to the rivers.
The scientists try to solve the problem of radioactive waste.
36. to dump / to be dumped — сбрасывать в большом количестве / быть выброшенным
They dumped a lot of rubbish in the river.
All the countries protest against dumping acid wastes in the seas and oceans.
37. poison — яд (fertilizes — удобрения)
38. to poison / to be poisoned — отравлять / быть отравленным
People can be poisoned by industrial waste.
III. Destruction of the Environment, Nature and the Wildlife
39. greenhouse effect — парниковый эффект
the problem of greenhouse effect
Greenhouse effect is the problem of a rise in temperature in the earth’s atmosphere.
40. source [so:s] — источник
source of information
What are the main sourses of land pollution?
41. resources [ri`so:siz] — ресурсы
natural resources
The country is rich in natural resources. They are……
42. to waste — тратить понапрасну
not to waste water, electricity
43. a shortage — нехватка
a shortage of water
a shortage of natural resources ( gas, oil, clean water)
a shortage of food
44. to run out of – заканчиваться
We will run out of oil.
45. extinct — вымерший
extinct birds
What extinct animals do you know?
Dinosaurs are extinct animals.
46. to endanger / to be endangered — подвергать опасности / быть в опасности
to endanger animals
to endanger people’s lives
47. endangered animals — исчезающие животные
Endanged animals are in danger.
Nowadays tigers have become endangered animals.
48. to die out — вымирать
Endangered animals can easily die out.
Why do some animals die out? People kill animals for the sake of their skins and destroy their habitats, cutting down forests and polluting water.
49. a species [`spi:ʃi:z] (мн.ч. species) — вид (виды)
plant species
insect species
a species of flowers, a species of animals, different species of trees
The Black Tulip is an unusual species of tulips.
50. a habitat — место обитания
a habitat of plants
a habitat of animals
A habitat is a place where a certain animal usually lives.
51. to include / to be included — включать / быть включенным
to include in the Red Book
52. disappearing = (rare) — исчезающие (редкие)
disappearing species
rare species
IV. Environmental Protection
53. filter /purifier — фильтры / очистители
to use filters
54. bins — контейнеры
to provide special bins to separate waste
55. to fine — штрафовать
The government should issue a law to fine plants and factories for all kinds of pollution.
56. to recycle / to be recycled — перерабатывать / перерабатываться
to recycle waste
57. recyclable — пригодный к переработке
to produce recycable packaging
58. recycling centers — центры переработки
There are no recycling centers in our city.
59. to reuse – использовать вторично
60. to save — экономить
61. to reduce — уменьшить
Ecological Problems
Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our planet and the environment.
Since ancient times Nature has served Man, giving him everything he needs: air to breathe, food to eat, water to drink, wood for building and fuel for heating his home. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that the resources of Nature had no end or limit.
With the industrial revolution our negative influence on Nature began to increase. Large cities with thousands of polluting plants and factories can be found nowadays all over the world. They pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the fields where our crops are grown. Big cities suffer from smog. Cars with their engines have become the main source of polluting in industrial countries.
Vast forests are cut down everywhere for the needs of industries. As a result many kinds of animals, birds, fish and plants are disappearing nowadays.
The pollution of the air and the world’s oceans and the thinning the ozone layer are the other problems arising from men’s careless attitude to ecology.
Active measures should be taken to save the life on our planet. There is an international organization called Greenpeace which is doing much to preserve the environment.
Questions to the text on ecological problems:
- Why are the wild animals in danger?
- What climatic changes are the most threatening?
- Is there any way to make our air cleaner
- What is Green Peace?
- What are the main ecological problems?
Questions on the topic «Ecological problems»
- What can common people do to protect nature (to stop pollution)? / What measures should be taken to protect nature?
- What can you personally do to help nature?
- Why is it dangerous to pollute land?
- What can pollution of air and water lead to?
- What can you say about global warming?
- What do you know about Green Peace?
- Why are the nuclear power stations so dangerous for people? What do you know about Chernobyl?
- Why are forests important for life on the Earth?
- What are the main ecological problems nowadays?
- What must people do to protect wild animals?
Watch the video and say what you can do to protect nature
